Каждая страна пользуется своим национальным календарем профилактических прививок, который предусматривает проведение плановой массовой вакцинации населения.

Необходимость включения отдельных вакцин в календарь прививок, сроки и схемы вакцинации зависят от многих факторов: уровня заболеваемости, тяжести течения инфекции, риска заболевания, возрастных особенностей формирования иммунитета и побочных реакций на вакцинацию, влияния материнских антител, риска развития поствакцинальных осложнений, возможности обеспечения вакцинами.

Плановые прививки и прививки по эпидпоказаниям

Вакцинопрофилактика инфекционных болезней проводится в рамках плановых прививок и прививок по эпидемическим показаниям.

К плановым относятся прививки, проводимые во всех регионах страны в рамках календаря прививок.

Основные отличия календаря прививок России от календаря прививок ведущих стран мира:

1. Проведение вакцинации против туберкулеза всем новорожденным детям (это связано с высоким риском заражения туберкулезом в России)

2. В календаре прививок России отсутствуют прививка гемофильной инфекции типа В. Эта прививка включена в прививочные календари большинства развитых стран мира. В России же не существует отечественной вакцины против этого заболевания.

К прививкам по эпидемическим показаниям относятся прививки, проводимые населению, проживающему на территориях, на которых высок риск заражения той или иной инфекционной болезнью, а также лицам с высоким риском заражения и лицам, представляющим опасность для окружающих в случае их заболевания.

Прививки по эпидемическим (экстренным) показаниям проводят в случае возникновения неблагоприятной эпидемической ситуации (например, грипп, менингит), а также в случае контакта восприимчивого (непривитого) лица с источником инфекции (например, столбняк, бешенство).

 РОССИЙСКИЙ КАЛЕНДАРЬ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИВИВОК

1) Вакцинация против кори, эпидемического паротита и краснухи проводится моновакцинами или тривакциной (корь, краснуха и эпидемический паротит) при условии осуществления производства отечественных препаратов или закупок зарубежных вакцин, зарегистрированных в установленном порядке.

2) Ревакцинация проводится детям, неинфицированным туберкулезом.

3) Ревакцинация проводится детям, неинфицированным туберкулезом и не получившим прививку в 7 лет.

4) далее каждые 10 лет

5) прививка от гепатита входит в российский календарь только "теоретически". Практически ее делают очень редко (в случае повышенного риска заражения гепатитом).

6) данная схема применяется в случае рождения ребенка от матери-носителя гепатита В

7) данная схема применяется для всех остальных

наверх

КАЛЕНДАРЬ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИВИВОК ПРОТИВ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ, ПРОВЕДЕНИЕ КОТОРЫХ НЕОБХОДИМО НА ЭНДЕМИЧНЫХ ИЛИ ЭНЗООТИЧНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ И ПО ЭПИДЕМИЧЕСКИМ ПОКАЗАНИЯМ

Перечень эндемичных и энзоотичных территорий определяется Минздравом России по представлению органов управления здравоохранением субъектов Российской Федерации и центров Госсанэпиднадзора в субъектах Российской Федерации.

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