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В настоящее время нет однозначного мнения о роли народной художественной культуры в жизни современного человека. Для одних - это крестьянское творчество, которое является пережитком прошлого, чем-то архаичным, совершенно неактуальным в век информационных технологий и массовой компьютеризации.
Для других народная художественная культура - это неотъемлемая часть мировой культуры, которая оставила свой след в истории человечества. А её изучение, помогает не только раскрыть колорит русского народа, но и лучше понять его менталитет.
Если существует такие совершенно противоположенные точки зрения о том, надо или нет сохранять русскую культуру, то давайте попытаемся разобраться, что же она собой представляет, и так ли уж она необходима!
Говоря о народной художественной культуре, прежде всего надо для себя понять, что это процесс творчества народа результатом которого является создание как духовных, так и материальных ценностей, которые бытуют в повседневной обиходе (предметы быта, одежда, игрушки, традиции, обычаи, праздники и многое другое). Отсюда одна из главных особенностей русской культуры - её утилитарность. Но здесь надо сделать оговорку, что понятие "традиционная культура" не имеет классовой принадлежности. Её могли создавать как простые крестьяне, солдаты, рабочие, так и представители высших сословий. Например, на творчество Пушкина, Афанасьева, Васнецова и многих других отечественных гениев значительное влияние оказала народная культура. А их произведения составили золотой фонд русской художественной культуры. Многие из них получили признание и высокую оценку на мировом уровне.
Кроме того народная художественная культура несет в себе огромной воспитательный потенциал. С самого рождения человек впитывает в себя народные традиции. Рождается ребенок, и ему исполняют колыбельные песни, пестушки. Для того чтобы ребенок не плакал бабушки, няньки и мамки потешками забавляют, которые также служили для развития мелкой моторики пальчиков ручек и ножек. Чтобы ребенка не сглазили, или просто не болел, читали определенные заговоры, делали специальные обереги. Подрастая ребенок, наблюдал за взрослыми и впитывал, как губка духовные ценности, нормы поведения, особенности речи. Взрослея, человек уже применяет полученные знания на "практике" будь то игровая деятельность, праздничные гуляния, либо занятие каким-нибудь видом ремесла: ткацкое, кузнечное, гончарное и т.д.
Таким образом, мы видим, что народная культура включает в себя: музыкальное, декоративно-прикладное, танцевальное, театральное творчество, зодчество, ну и, конечно, же, фольклор (устное народное творчество). Безусловно, для занятия каким-либо видом творчества нужны определенные задатки, для танца чувство ритма, для песни - слух, для ремесленной деятельности - умелые руки, для театрального творчества - актерские задатки. Но нельзя не согласиться, что именно устное народное творчество формирует речь, мироощущение человека, от которых напрямую зависит мировоззрение народа. И ничто так ярко и красочно не может охарактеризовать человека, как тот язык, на котором он говорит! И только от нас зависит, будем ли мы сохранять стилистические особенности своей речи, или нет. Выбор каждый делает для себя сам.
Наталья Белоусова
Мнение (25)
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